Herramientas de Inteligencia Artificial -BERT, RoBERTa y T5- para Analizar el Impacto de Noticias Políticas en X -antes Twitter-
El Caso de la Elección Presidencial en Ecuador 2025
Palabras clave:
inteligencia artificial, redes sociales, comunicación política, Ecuador, análisis de sentimiento, artificial intelligence, social media, political communication, sentiment analysisResumen
Este estudio analiza el impacto comunicacional de las noticias políticas difundidas en la red social «X» -antes Twitter- durante la campaña presidencial ecuatoriana de 2025, con énfasis en los movimientos ADN y RC5. A través de un enfoque cuantitativo y técnicas de inteligencia artificial, específicamente los modelos BERT, RoBERTa y T5, se procesaron 10.000 tuits para identificar emociones, temas, polarización y automatización. ADN destacó por un discurso propositivo y mayor interacción positiva -42,6 %-, aunque también recibió críticas -31,3 %-. RC5 mostró un enfoque más polarizado, con mayor contenido negativo -49,7 %-, toxicidad -18,2 %- y uso de cuentas automatizadas -12,4 %-. Los resultados revelan dos estrategias digitales contrastantes y confirman la utilidad del análisis automatizado para mapear dinámicas electorales en redes sociales. El estudio también señala desafíos éticos y metodológicos en el uso de inteligencia artificial en contextos democráticos, y aclara que el impacto comunicacional aquí analizado se refiere al comportamiento de contenidos y sus interacciones digitales, no directamente a la percepción de los receptores.
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